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602. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Belmont County
603. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Butler County
604. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Clermont County
605. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Columbiana County
606. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Hamilton County
607. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Harrison County
608. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Jefferson County
609. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Knox County
610. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Miami County
611. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Montgomery County, 1 Year
612. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Montgomery County, 2 Years
613. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Montgomery County, 3 Years
614. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Muskingum County
615. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Richland County
616. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Ross County
617. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Stark County
618. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Trumbull County
619. Ohio 1815 Commissioner, Washington County
620. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Adams County
621. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Butler County
622. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Columbiana County
623. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Harrison County
624. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Knox County
625. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Miami County
626. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Montgomery County
627. Ohio 1815 Coroner, Stark County
628. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Adams County
629. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Athens and Washington Counties
630. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Belmont and Monroe Counties
631. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Butler County
632. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Clermont County
633. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Columbiana County
634. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Hamilton County
635. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Harrison and Jefferson Counties
636. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Knox and Richland Counties
637. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Miami County
638. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Montgomery County
639. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Montgomery County, Special
640. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Muskingum County
641. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Pike and Ross Counties
642. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Stark and Wayne Counties
643. Ohio 1815 House of Representatives, Trumbull County
644. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Dayton Township
645. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Dayton Township
646. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, German Township
647. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, German Township
648. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Jackson Township
649. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Jefferson Township
650. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Randolph Township
651. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Randolph Township
652. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Washington Township
653. Ohio 1815 Justice of the Peace, Montgomery County, Wayne Township
654. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Butler County
655. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Clermont County
656. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Columbiana County
657. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Harrison County
658. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Knox County
659. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Miami County
660. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Richland County
661. Ohio 1815 Sheriff, Trumbull County
662. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Adams County
663. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Athens and Washington Counties
664. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Belmont and Monroe Counties
665. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Clermont County
666. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Columbiana, Stark and Wayne Counties
667. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Columbiana, Stark and Wayne Counties, Special
668. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Coshocton, Guernsey and Tuscarawas Counties
669. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Hamilton County
670. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Harrison and Jefferson Counties
671. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Harrison and Jefferson Counties, Special
672. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Montgomery County
673. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Muskingum County
674. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Pike and Ross Counties
675. Ohio 1815 State Senate, Trumbull County
676. Ohio 1815 U.S. Senate
677. Ohio 1815 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2
678. Ohio 1815 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3
679. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Ashtabula County
680. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Belmont County
681. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Butler County
682. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Columbiana County
683. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Columbiana County, Special
684. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Coshocton County
685. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Fairfield County
686. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Guernsey County
687. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Hamilton County
688. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Harrison County
689. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Jefferson County
690. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Miami County
691. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Montgomery County
692. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Muskingum County
693. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Ross County
694. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Stark County
695. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Trumbull County
696. Ohio 1816 Commissioner, Warren County
697. Ohio 1816 Coroner, Belmont County
698. Ohio 1816 Coroner, Hamilton County
699. Ohio 1816 Coroner, Jefferson County
700. Ohio 1816 Coroner, Muskingum County
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In these years, Ohio changed from a virtually unpeopled frontier area within the Northwest Territory to the fourth most powerful state in federal elections. Its first significant elections were for the lower house of the Territorial Assembly in December 1798. Suffrage was restricted to adult males who owned fifty acres freehold (the most limited franchise in the nation), although Governor Arthur St. Clair extended the vote to those who owned town lots of comparable value. Voting took place viva voce at the county seat, under the supervision of men appointed by the governor, who also determined apportionment and could veto legislation and prorogue (postpone) and dissolve the Assembly. The upper house, the Council, was appointed by the president from a list of names drawn up by the house; Congress appointed the governor on the president's nomination. This authoritarian system was overthrown when Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing the calling of a convention elected virtually on the basis of manhood suffrage.
Ohio became a state in March 1803, operating under the constitution drafted in November 1802. That instrument gave little power or patronage, and no veto, to the governor, who was elected biennially. The all-powerful General Assembly was divided into two chambers: The House was elected annually by county constituencies, and the Senate was elected biennially, half the members each year, in districts made up of one or more counties. There were no property qualifications for membership in the Assembly. Every four years the state took a census of adult males and redistributed legislative seats, and congressional districts were reapportioned each decade immediately after Congress had reapportioned the federal House and electoral college. Beginning with the first presidential election in 1804, the electors were chosen by statewide popular vote. The right to vote was limited to white adult males who had been resident for one year and had paid a tax. However, because the state constitution defined compulsory work on the roads as a tax and all adult males between the ages of 18 and 55 were obliged to work on the roads (or buy a substitute), this amounted to a nearly all-inclusive franchise for white males. From the start, voting was by secret ballot, with ballots deposited in special locked boxes, and whereas under the territory, voters had had to travel to the few county seats to vote, people now voted at a central place in each of the rapidly multiplying townships.
This democratic electoral system produced elections that saw a surprising degree of partisan action and comparatively high—but fluctuating—voter involvement, especially after 1807 when the key elections began to coincide in even years. The Federalist predominance of the territorial period was overthrown in 1802—1803, and the then overwhelmingly dominant Democratic-Republican party soon divided along factional lines, notably over the role of the judiciary. In some parts of the state, the Federalist Party revived after 1807 but suffered a severe decline after 1816. As a consequence, nonpartisan elections became even more common, although old-party considerations operated in some local elections into the 1820s. In 1824 Ohio's first competitive election for the presidency saw turnout surge as voters began giving their allegiance to entirely new political formations.
Bibliography
Annual Report of the Secretary of the State to the Governor of the State of Ohio: including the statistical report to the general assembly for the year 1875. Colombus, OH: Nevins & Myers, State Printers, 1876. (Lists members of the General Assembly and their districts from the formation of the state)- Brown, Jeffrey P. and Andrew R. L. Cayton, eds.
The Pursuit of Public Power: Political Culture in Ohio, 1787–1861. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1994. - Cayton, Andrew R. L.
The Frontier State: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1986. - Ohio Historical Society, Ohio Fundamental Documents Searchable Database,
http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/database/funddocs.html - Ratcliffe, Donald J.
"Voter Turnout in Early Ohio," Journal of the Early Republic, 7 (1987): 223–251. Reprinted in New Perspectives on the Early Republic, ed. Ralph D. Gray and Michael A. Morrison. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994, pp. 269–297. - ________.
"The Mystery of Ohio's Missing Presidential Election Returns, 1804–1848," Archival Issues: The Journal of the Midwest Archives Conference, 17(2)(1992): 137–144. - ________.
Party Spirit in a Frontier Republic: Democratic Politics in Ohio, 1793–1821. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1998. - ________.
The Politics of Long Division: The Birth of the Second Party System in Ohio, 1818–1828. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. - ________.
"The Changing Political World of Thomas Worthington." inThe Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early Republic , ed. Andrew R. L. Cayton and Stuart D. Hobbs. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005, pp. 36–61. - Utter, William T.
The Frontier State, 1803–1825 , 1943 reprint ed. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1968), Vol. 2 of Carl Wittke, ed., A History of the State of Ohio, 6 vols. Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1941–1944.