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402. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
403. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Orange County
404. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Richmond County
405. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Rowan County
406. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Sampson County
407. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Wake County
408. North Carolina 1808 State Senate, Warren County
409. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
410. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
411. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
412. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
413. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
414. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
415. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
416. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
417. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
418. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
419. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special
420. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
421. North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
422. North Carolina 1809 Governor
423. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Bertie County, Special
424. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Chatham County
425. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Chowan County
426. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Edenton Borough
427. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Franklin County
428. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Halifax County
429. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Hillsborough Borough
430. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Johnston County
431. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
432. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Nash County
433. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Orange County
434. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Perquimans County, Special
435. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Sampson County
436. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Wake County
437. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Warren County
438. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Wayne County
439. North Carolina 1809 House of Commons, Wilkes County
440. North Carolina 1809 Public Printer
441. North Carolina 1809 Speaker of the House
442. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Chatham County
443. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Chowan County
444. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Franklin County
445. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Halifax County
446. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Johnston County
447. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
448. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Nash County
449. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Orange County
450. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Sampson County
451. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Wake County
452. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Warren County
453. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Wayne County
454. North Carolina 1809 State Senate, Wilkes County
455. North Carolina 1810 Attorney General
456. North Carolina 1810 Attorney General, Ballot 2
457. North Carolina 1810 Attorney General, Ballot 3
458. North Carolina 1810 Attorney General, Ballot 4
459. North Carolina 1810 Governor
460. North Carolina 1810 Governor, Ballot 2
461. North Carolina 1810 Governor, Ballot 3
462. North Carolina 1810 Governor, Ballot 4
463. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Caswell County
464. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Chowan County
465. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Craven County
466. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Cumberland County
467. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Fayetteville Borough
468. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Franklin County
469. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Granville County
470. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Johnston County
471. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Lenoir County
472. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
473. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Montgomery County
474. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Nash County
475. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Newbern Borough
476. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Onslow County
477. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Pitt County
478. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Randolph County
479. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Rowan County
480. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Stokes County
481. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Wake County
482. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Warren County
483. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Wayne County
484. North Carolina 1810 House of Commons, Wilkes County
485. North Carolina 1810 Public Printer
486. North Carolina 1810 Speaker of the House
487. North Carolina 1810 Speaker of the Senate
488. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Caswell County
489. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Chowan County
490. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Craven County
491. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Cumberland County
492. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Franklin County
493. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Granville County
494. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Johnston County
495. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Lenoir County
496. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
497. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Montgomery County
498. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Nash County
499. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Onslow County
500. North Carolina 1810 State Senate, Pitt County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School