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202. North Carolina 1803 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
203. North Carolina 1803 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
204. North Carolina 1803 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
205. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 1
206. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 10
207. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 11
208. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 12
209. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 13
210. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 14
211. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 2
212. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 3
213. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 4
214. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 5
215. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 6
216. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 7
217. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 8
218. North Carolina 1804 Electoral College, District 9
219. North Carolina 1804 Governor
220. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Craven County
221. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Franklin County
222. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Newbern Borough
223. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Surry County
224. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Wake County
225. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Warren County
226. North Carolina 1804 House of Commons, Wilkes County
227. North Carolina 1804 Public Printer
228. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Craven County
229. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Franklin County
230. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Surry County
231. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Wake County
232. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Warren County
233. North Carolina 1804 State Senate, Wilkes County
234. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
235. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
236. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
237. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
238. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
239. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
240. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
241. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
242. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
243. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
244. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
245. North Carolina 1804 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
246. North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate
247. North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2
248. North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3
249. North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4
250. North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5
251. North Carolina 1805 Governor
252. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Buncombe County
253. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Franklin County
254. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Granville County
255. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Halifax County
256. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Johnston County
257. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
258. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Montgomery County
259. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Nash County
260. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Orange County
261. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Richmond County
262. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Rutherford County
263. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Wake County
264. North Carolina 1805 House of Commons, Warren County
265. North Carolina 1805 Public Printer
266. North Carolina 1805 Speaker of the Senate
267. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Buncombe County
268. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Franklin County
269. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Granville County
270. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Halifax County
271. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Johnston County
272. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
273. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Montgomery County
274. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Nash County
275. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Orange County
276. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Richmond County
277. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Rutherford County
278. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Wake County
279. North Carolina 1805 State Senate, Warren County
280. North Carolina 1805 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5, Special
281. North Carolina 1805 U.S. Senate
282. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Brunswick County
283. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Chatham County
284. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Franklin County
285. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Granville County
286. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Halifax Borough
287. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Halifax County
288. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Johnston County
289. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Martin County
290. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
291. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Orange County
292. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Person County
293. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Rutherford County
294. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Stokes County
295. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Wake County
296. North Carolina 1806 House of Commons, Warren County
297. North Carolina 1806 Public Printer
298. North Carolina 1806 State Senate, Brunswick County
299. North Carolina 1806 State Senate, Chatham County
300. North Carolina 1806 State Senate, Franklin County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School