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502. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Huron, Sandusky and Seneca Counties
503. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Licking County
504. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Montgomery County
505. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Morgan and Washington Counties
506. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Muskingum County
507. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Muskingum County, Special
508. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Perry County
509. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Ross County
510. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Stark County
511. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Trumbull County
512. Ohio 1822 House of Representatives, Warren County
513. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Butler County
514. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Darke, Miami, Preble and Shelby Counties
515. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Darke, Miami, Preble and Shelby Counties, Special
516. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Delaware, Franklin, Madison and Union Counties
517. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Fairfield County
518. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Hamilton County
519. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Harrison County
520. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Licking and Perry Counties
521. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Medina and Portage Counties
522. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Stark County
523. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Trumbull County
524. Ohio 1822 State Senate, Warren County
525. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Adams County
526. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Butler County
527. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Clermont County
528. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Columbiana County
529. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Cuyahoga County
530. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Darke and Shelby Counties
531. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Franklin County
532. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Geauga County
533. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Hamilton County
534. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Harrison County
535. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Highland County
536. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Huron and Sandusky Counties
537. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Medina and Portage Counties
538. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Montgomery County
539. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Morgan and Washington Counties
540. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Muskingum County
541. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Richland County
542. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Ross County
543. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Stark County
544. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Trumbull County
545. Ohio 1823 House of Representatives, Warren County
546. Ohio 1823 Major General, 10th Division, Ohio Militia
547. Ohio 1823 President Judge of the 3rd Circuit
548. Ohio 1823 President Judge of the 5th Circuit
549. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Adams County
550. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Ashtabula and Geauga Counties
551. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Athens, Morgan and Washington Counties
552. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Clermont County
553. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Columbiana County
554. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Crawford, Delaware, Franklin, Madison, Marion and Union Counties
555. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Cuyahoga, Huron and Sandusky Counties
556. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Fayette and Highland Counties
557. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Hamilton County
558. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Knox and Richland Counties
559. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Montgomery County
560. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Muskingum County
561. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Ross County
562. Ohio 1823 State Senate, Warren County
563. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge
564. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Ballot 2
565. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Special
566. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Special, Ballot 2
567. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Special, Ballot 3
568. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Special, Ballot 4
569. Ohio 1823 State Supreme Court Judge, Special, Ballot 5
570. Ohio 1823 Treasurer
571. Ohio 1823 Treasurer, Ballot 2
572. Ohio 1823 Treasurer, Ballot 3
573. Ohio 1824 Clerk of the House of Representatives
574. Ohio 1824 Governor
575. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Brown County
576. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Butler County
577. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Champaign County
578. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Columbiana County
579. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Crawford, Marion, Sandusky and Seneca County
580. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Cuyahoga and Lorain Counties
581. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Darke, Mercer, Preble and Williams County
582. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Delaware County
583. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Franklin County
584. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Gallia, Jackson and Meigs County
585. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Geauga County
586. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Hamilton County
587. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Harrison County
588. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Highland County
589. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Huron County
590. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Lawrence, Pike and Scioto County
591. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Licking County
592. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Medina County
593. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Miami and Shelby Counties
594. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Montgomery County
595. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Morgan County
596. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Perry County
597. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Portage County
598. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Ross County
599. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Stark County
600. Ohio 1824 House of Representatives, Trumbull County
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In these years, Ohio changed from a virtually unpeopled frontier area within the Northwest Territory to the fourth most powerful state in federal elections. Its first significant elections were for the lower house of the Territorial Assembly in December 1798. Suffrage was restricted to adult males who owned fifty acres freehold (the most limited franchise in the nation), although Governor Arthur St. Clair extended the vote to those who owned town lots of comparable value. Voting took place viva voce at the county seat, under the supervision of men appointed by the governor, who also determined apportionment and could veto legislation and prorogue (postpone) and dissolve the Assembly. The upper house, the Council, was appointed by the president from a list of names drawn up by the house; Congress appointed the governor on the president's nomination. This authoritarian system was overthrown when Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing the calling of a convention elected virtually on the basis of manhood suffrage.
Ohio became a state in March 1803, operating under the constitution drafted in November 1802. That instrument gave little power or patronage, and no veto, to the governor, who was elected biennially. The all-powerful General Assembly was divided into two chambers: The House was elected annually by county constituencies, and the Senate was elected biennially, half the members each year, in districts made up of one or more counties. There were no property qualifications for membership in the Assembly. Every four years the state took a census of adult males and redistributed legislative seats, and congressional districts were reapportioned each decade immediately after Congress had reapportioned the federal House and electoral college. Beginning with the first presidential election in 1804, the electors were chosen by statewide popular vote. The right to vote was limited to white adult males who had been resident for one year and had paid a tax. However, because the state constitution defined compulsory work on the roads as a tax and all adult males between the ages of 18 and 55 were obliged to work on the roads (or buy a substitute), this amounted to a nearly all-inclusive franchise for white males. From the start, voting was by secret ballot, with ballots deposited in special locked boxes, and whereas under the territory, voters had had to travel to the few county seats to vote, people now voted at a central place in each of the rapidly multiplying townships.
This democratic electoral system produced elections that saw a surprising degree of partisan action and comparatively high—but fluctuating—voter involvement, especially after 1807 when the key elections began to coincide in even years. The Federalist predominance of the territorial period was overthrown in 1802—1803, and the then overwhelmingly dominant Democratic-Republican party soon divided along factional lines, notably over the role of the judiciary. In some parts of the state, the Federalist Party revived after 1807 but suffered a severe decline after 1816. As a consequence, nonpartisan elections became even more common, although old-party considerations operated in some local elections into the 1820s. In 1824 Ohio's first competitive election for the presidency saw turnout surge as voters began giving their allegiance to entirely new political formations.
Bibliography
Annual Report of the Secretary of the State to the Governor of the State of Ohio: including the statistical report to the general assembly for the year 1875. Colombus, OH: Nevins & Myers, State Printers, 1876. (Lists members of the General Assembly and their districts from the formation of the state)- Brown, Jeffrey P. and Andrew R. L. Cayton, eds.
The Pursuit of Public Power: Political Culture in Ohio, 1787–1861. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1994. - Cayton, Andrew R. L.
The Frontier State: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1986. - Ohio Historical Society, Ohio Fundamental Documents Searchable Database,
http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/database/funddocs.html - Ratcliffe, Donald J.
"Voter Turnout in Early Ohio," Journal of the Early Republic, 7 (1987): 223–251. Reprinted in New Perspectives on the Early Republic, ed. Ralph D. Gray and Michael A. Morrison. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994, pp. 269–297. - ________.
"The Mystery of Ohio's Missing Presidential Election Returns, 1804–1848," Archival Issues: The Journal of the Midwest Archives Conference, 17(2)(1992): 137–144. - ________.
Party Spirit in a Frontier Republic: Democratic Politics in Ohio, 1793–1821. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1998. - ________.
The Politics of Long Division: The Birth of the Second Party System in Ohio, 1818–1828. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. - ________.
"The Changing Political World of Thomas Worthington." inThe Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early Republic , ed. Andrew R. L. Cayton and Stuart D. Hobbs. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005, pp. 36–61. - Utter, William T.
The Frontier State, 1803–1825 , 1943 reprint ed. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1968), Vol. 2 of Carl Wittke, ed., A History of the State of Ohio, 6 vols. Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1941–1944.