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402. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Granville County
403. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Hillsborough Borough
404. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Johnston County
405. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Lincoln County
406. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
407. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Moore County
408. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Orange County
409. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Person County
410. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Richmond County
411. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Rockingham County
412. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Rowan County
413. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Rutherford County
414. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
415. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Surry County
416. North Carolina 1812 House of Commons, Wake County
417. North Carolina 1812 Speaker of the House
418. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Bertie County
419. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Chowan County
420. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Craven County
421. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Cumberland County
422. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Edgecombe County
423. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Granville County
424. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Johnston County
425. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Lincoln County
426. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
427. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Moore County
428. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Orange County
429. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Person County
430. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Richmond County
431. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Rockingham County
432. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Rowan County
433. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Rutherford County
434. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Surry County
435. North Carolina 1812 State Senate, Wake County
436. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Anson County
437. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Caswell County
438. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Edgecombe County
439. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Granville County
440. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Johnston County
441. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Lincoln County
442. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
443. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Moore County
444. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Nash County
445. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Orange County
446. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Randolph County
447. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Robeson County
448. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Sampson County
449. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Stokes County
450. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Surry County
451. North Carolina 1813 House of Commons, Wake County
452. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Anson County
453. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Caswell County
454. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Edgecombe County
455. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Granville County
456. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Johnston County
457. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Lincoln County
458. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
459. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Moore County
460. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Nash County
461. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Orange County
462. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Randolph County
463. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Robeson County
464. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Sampson County
465. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Stokes County
466. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Surry County
467. North Carolina 1813 State Senate, Wake County
468. North Carolina 1814 Governor
469. North Carolina 1814 Governor, Ballot 2
470. North Carolina 1814 Governor, Ballot 3
471. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Anson County
472. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Beaufort County
473. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Bladen County
474. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Buncombe County
475. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Chatham County
476. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Chowan County
477. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Craven County
478. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Edgecombe County
479. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Greene County
480. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Johnston County
481. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Lincoln County
482. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
483. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Nash County
484. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Newbern Borough
485. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Orange County
486. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Perquimans County
487. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Randolph County
488. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Robeson County
489. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Rowan County
490. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
491. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Surry County
492. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Wake County
493. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Warren County
494. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Warren County, Special
495. North Carolina 1814 House of Commons, Wilkes County
496. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Anson County
497. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Beaufort County
498. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Bladen County
499. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Buncombe County
500. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Chatham County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School