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902. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Lenoir County
903. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Lincoln County
904. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
905. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Newbern Town
906. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Northampton County
907. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Person County
908. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Randolph County
909. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Rowan County
910. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Rutherford County
911. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
912. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Stokes County
913. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Surry County
914. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Wake County
915. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Warren County
916. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Wilkes County
917. North Carolina 1823 Public Printer
918. North Carolina 1823 Speaker of the House
919. North Carolina 1823 Speaker of the Senate
920. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Bertie County
921. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Buncombe County
922. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Burke County
923. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cabarrus County
924. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Carteret County
925. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Caswell County
926. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Chatham County
927. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Craven County
928. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cumberland County
929. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Currituck County
930. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Davidson County
931. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Franklin County
932. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Granville County
933. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Guilford County
934. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Halifax County
935. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Hertford County
936. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Iredell County
937. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lenoir County
938. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lincoln County
939. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
940. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Northampton County
941. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Orange County
942. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Person County
943. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Randolph County
944. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rowan County
945. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rutherford County
946. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Stokes County
947. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Surry County
948. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Warren County
949. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Wilkes County
950. North Carolina 1824 Governor
951. North Carolina 1824 Governor, Ballot 2
952. North Carolina 1824 Governor, Ballot 3
953. North Carolina 1824 Governor, Ballot 4
954. North Carolina 1824 Governor, Ballot 5
955. North Carolina 1824 Governor, Ballot 6
956. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Beaufort County
957. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Bertie County
958. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Buncombe County
959. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Burke County
960. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Cabarrus County
961. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Chatham County
962. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Chowan County
963. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Craven County
964. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Davidson County
965. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Duplin County
966. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Gates County
967. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Granville County
968. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Greene County
969. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Guilford County
970. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Halifax County
971. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Halifax Town
972. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Haywood County
973. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Hertford County
974. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Iredell County
975. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Johnston County
976. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Lenoir County
977. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Lincoln County
978. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Martin County
979. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
980. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Montgomery County
981. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Moore County
982. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Nash County
983. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, New Hanover County
984. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Newbern Town
985. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Northampton County
986. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Orange County
987. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Pasquotank County
988. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Person County
989. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Randolph County
990. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Richmond County
991. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Robeson County
992. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Rowan County
993. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
994. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Stokes County
995. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Surry County
996. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wake County
997. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Warren County
998. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Washington County
999. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wayne County
1000. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wilkes County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School