2. New York 1812 U.S. House of Representatives, District 14
3. New York 1812 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
4. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
5. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 15
6. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 16
7. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 17
8. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 18
9. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
10. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
11. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
12. New York 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
13. New York 1820 Electoral College
14. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
15. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
16. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
17. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
18. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 13
19. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 14
20. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 15
21. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 16
22. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 17
23. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 18
24. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 19
25. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
26. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 20
27. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 21
28. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 22
29. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
30. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
31. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
32. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
33. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
34. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
35. New York 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
36. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
37. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
38. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
39. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
40. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 14
41. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 15
42. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 16
43. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 17
44. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 18
45. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 19
46. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
47. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 21
48. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 23
49. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 24
50. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 25
51. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 26
52. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 27
53. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 29
54. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
55. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 30
56. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
57. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
58. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
59. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
60. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
61. New York 1822 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
62. New York 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 28, Special
63. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
64. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
65. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
66. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
67. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 13
68. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 14
69. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 15
70. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 16
71. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 17
72. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 18
73. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 19
74. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
75. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 20
76. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 21
77. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 22
78. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 23
79. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 24
80. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 25
81. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 26
82. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 27
83. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 28
84. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 29
85. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
86. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 30
87. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
88. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
89. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
90. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
91. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
92. New York 1824 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
Clintonian
The followers of DeWitt Clinton (1769-1828, Governor of New York 1817-1822, 1825-1828), the Clintonians had a life that outlived any other "candidate party" other than the "Jeffersonians" (Republicans) and "Jacksonians" (Democrats). The term first came to use in the 1806 State Assembly elections in New York. "Within New York Republicanism, factional battles developed - first between the Clintonians and Burrites, and then between the Clintonians and Lewisites. In each struggle, Clinton's foes allied with Federalists, and in each the banking power of the Clintonians, exercised through the Manhattan Company, appeared critical to success, emphasizing the ties between Clinton and 'opulent men.' In 1807, Clinton compensated for his increasing distance from the farmers and mechanics who made up the mass of New York voters by backing Daniel D. Tompkins, 'the farmer's boy,' for governor. This step created a Republican alternative to which New York City mechanics and upstate farmers might look for Republican leadership - and an alternative with whom Southerners might ally." (De Witt Clinton and the Rise of the People's Men. Craig Hanyan with Mary L. Hanyan. Montreal, 1996, McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 8) The term found widespread use outside of New York state during the presidential election of 1812 as Clinton became a fusion candidate, running against James Madison with the support of dissident Republicans and Federalists who had no firm candidate of their own. Clinton, after being forced from any political office in 1815, maintained a considerable amount of political power as the primary supporter of the Erie Canal. In 1824, "heading the ticket offered by the People's Movement, he won in an electoral triumph that captured the governorship and almost two-thirds of the state assembly . . . The People's men of New York State launched the earliest broad-based reform movement of the new republic and won control of a state that had one-sixth of the United States' male population. Beginning their effort soon after the introduction of a new state constitution in 1822, the reformers came to power pledged to democratize New York's political process. They accomplished their ends after administering a sharp defeat to the regular Republicans of the State." (Hanyan, p. 4).
"During the campaign [of 1812], Clinton won support from Federalists who were discontented with the Madison administration's entry into a war with Britain that was bound to have devastating effects on the commerce of the United States; the country ought to have peace of adequate protection of its maritime trade." (Hanyan, p 9)
"The Clinton-[New York Chief Justice]-Spencer alliance held together, but over the next three years the tenuous peace within the New York Republican Party dissolved. Two elements fully emerged, each hoping to dominate the politics of New York in the name of true republicanism. Martin Van Buren stood out as the leader of a "Bucktail" opposition that increasingly emphasized the virtue of party regularity, while the Clintonians increasingly emphasized the iniquity of party as a potential vessel of conspiracy and oppression that would enhance the power of government at the expense of social harmony. (fn: Richard Hofstadter, The Idea of a Party System: The Rise of Legitimate Opposition in the United States, 1780-1850, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969, 219-23)" (Hanyan, p 10)
Additional Sources:
- The Concept of Jacksonian Democracy: New York as a Test Case. Lee Benson. Atheneum. New York. 1967.
- De Witt Clinton and the Rise of the People's Men. Craig Hanyan with Mary L. Hanyan. McGill-Queen's University Press. Montreal and Kingston. 1996.
- The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769-1828. Evan Cornog. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.