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502. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Franklin County
503. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Harrison County
504. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Miami County
505. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Montgomery County
506. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Shelby County
507. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Stark County
508. Ohio 1821 Coroner, Warren County
509. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Columbiana County
510. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Franklin County
511. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Greene County
512. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Harrison County
513. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Miami County
514. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Shelby County
515. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Trumbull County
516. Ohio 1821 Sheriff, Warren County
517. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Ashtabula County
518. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Butler County
519. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Columbiana County
520. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Cuyahoga County
521. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Delaware County
522. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Fairfield County
523. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Franklin County
524. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Geauga County
525. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Hamilton County
526. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Harrison County
527. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Highland County
528. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Huron County
529. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Licking County
530. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Montgomery County
531. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Morgan County
532. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Muskingum County
533. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Perry County
534. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Portage County
535. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Ross County
536. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Shelby County
537. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Trumbull County
538. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Warren County
539. Ohio 1822 Auditor, Washington County
540. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Ashtabula County
541. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Butler County
542. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Columbiana County
543. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Cuyahoga County
544. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Delaware County
545. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Fairfield County
546. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Franklin County
547. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Geauga County
548. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Hamilton County
549. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Harrison County
550. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Highland County
551. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Huron County
552. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Licking County
553. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Montgomery County
554. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Morgan County
555. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Muskingum County
556. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Perry County
557. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Ross County
558. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Shelby County
559. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Trumbull County
560. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Warren County
561. Ohio 1822 Commissioner, Washington County
562. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Ashtabula County
563. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Delaware County
564. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Fairfield County
565. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Geauga County
566. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Hamilton County
567. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Licking County
568. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Muskingum County
569. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Perry County
570. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Ross County
571. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Trumbull County
572. Ohio 1822 Coroner, Washington County
573. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Ashtabula County
574. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Cuyahoga County
575. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Delaware County
576. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Fairfield County
577. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Geauga County
578. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Hamilton County
579. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Licking County
580. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Montgomery County
581. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Perry County
582. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Ross County
583. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Stark County
584. Ohio 1822 Sheriff, Washington County
585. Ohio 1823 Associate Judge, Hamilton County
586. Ohio 1823 Associate Judge, Hamilton County, Ballot 2
587. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Butler County
588. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Clermont County
589. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Columbiana County
590. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Cuyahoga County
591. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Franklin County
592. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Geauga County
593. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Hamilton County
594. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Harrison County
595. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Highland County
596. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Huron County
597. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Medina County
598. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Montgomery County
599. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Muskingum County
600. Ohio 1823 Auditor, Richland County
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In these years, Ohio changed from a virtually unpeopled frontier area within the Northwest Territory to the fourth most powerful state in federal elections. Its first significant elections were for the lower house of the Territorial Assembly in December 1798. Suffrage was restricted to adult males who owned fifty acres freehold (the most limited franchise in the nation), although Governor Arthur St. Clair extended the vote to those who owned town lots of comparable value. Voting took place viva voce at the county seat, under the supervision of men appointed by the governor, who also determined apportionment and could veto legislation and prorogue (postpone) and dissolve the Assembly. The upper house, the Council, was appointed by the president from a list of names drawn up by the house; Congress appointed the governor on the president's nomination. This authoritarian system was overthrown when Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing the calling of a convention elected virtually on the basis of manhood suffrage.
Ohio became a state in March 1803, operating under the constitution drafted in November 1802. That instrument gave little power or patronage, and no veto, to the governor, who was elected biennially. The all-powerful General Assembly was divided into two chambers: The House was elected annually by county constituencies, and the Senate was elected biennially, half the members each year, in districts made up of one or more counties. There were no property qualifications for membership in the Assembly. Every four years the state took a census of adult males and redistributed legislative seats, and congressional districts were reapportioned each decade immediately after Congress had reapportioned the federal House and electoral college. Beginning with the first presidential election in 1804, the electors were chosen by statewide popular vote. The right to vote was limited to white adult males who had been resident for one year and had paid a tax. However, because the state constitution defined compulsory work on the roads as a tax and all adult males between the ages of 18 and 55 were obliged to work on the roads (or buy a substitute), this amounted to a nearly all-inclusive franchise for white males. From the start, voting was by secret ballot, with ballots deposited in special locked boxes, and whereas under the territory, voters had had to travel to the few county seats to vote, people now voted at a central place in each of the rapidly multiplying townships.
This democratic electoral system produced elections that saw a surprising degree of partisan action and comparatively high—but fluctuating—voter involvement, especially after 1807 when the key elections began to coincide in even years. The Federalist predominance of the territorial period was overthrown in 1802—1803, and the then overwhelmingly dominant Democratic-Republican party soon divided along factional lines, notably over the role of the judiciary. In some parts of the state, the Federalist Party revived after 1807 but suffered a severe decline after 1816. As a consequence, nonpartisan elections became even more common, although old-party considerations operated in some local elections into the 1820s. In 1824 Ohio's first competitive election for the presidency saw turnout surge as voters began giving their allegiance to entirely new political formations.
Bibliography
Annual Report of the Secretary of the State to the Governor of the State of Ohio: including the statistical report to the general assembly for the year 1875. Colombus, OH: Nevins & Myers, State Printers, 1876. (Lists members of the General Assembly and their districts from the formation of the state)- Brown, Jeffrey P. and Andrew R. L. Cayton, eds.
The Pursuit of Public Power: Political Culture in Ohio, 1787–1861. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1994. - Cayton, Andrew R. L.
The Frontier State: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1986. - Ohio Historical Society, Ohio Fundamental Documents Searchable Database,
http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/database/funddocs.html - Ratcliffe, Donald J.
"Voter Turnout in Early Ohio," Journal of the Early Republic, 7 (1987): 223–251. Reprinted in New Perspectives on the Early Republic, ed. Ralph D. Gray and Michael A. Morrison. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994, pp. 269–297. - ________.
"The Mystery of Ohio's Missing Presidential Election Returns, 1804–1848," Archival Issues: The Journal of the Midwest Archives Conference, 17(2)(1992): 137–144. - ________.
Party Spirit in a Frontier Republic: Democratic Politics in Ohio, 1793–1821. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1998. - ________.
The Politics of Long Division: The Birth of the Second Party System in Ohio, 1818–1828. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. - ________.
"The Changing Political World of Thomas Worthington." inThe Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early Republic , ed. Andrew R. L. Cayton and Stuart D. Hobbs. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005, pp. 36–61. - Utter, William T.
The Frontier State, 1803–1825 , 1943 reprint ed. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1968), Vol. 2 of Carl Wittke, ed., A History of the State of Ohio, 6 vols. Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1941–1944.