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1002. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Person County
1003. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Randolph County
1004. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Rowan County
1005. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Rutherford County
1006. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
1007. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Stokes County
1008. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Surry County
1009. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Wake County
1010. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Warren County
1011. North Carolina 1823 House of Commons, Wilkes County
1012. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Bertie County
1013. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Buncombe County
1014. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Burke County
1015. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cabarrus County
1016. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Carteret County
1017. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Caswell County
1018. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Chatham County
1019. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Craven County
1020. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cumberland County
1021. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Currituck County
1022. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Davidson County
1023. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Franklin County
1024. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Granville County
1025. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Guilford County
1026. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Halifax County
1027. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Hertford County
1028. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Iredell County
1029. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lenoir County
1030. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lincoln County
1031. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
1032. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Northampton County
1033. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Orange County
1034. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Person County
1035. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Randolph County
1036. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rowan County
1037. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rutherford County
1038. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Stokes County
1039. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Surry County
1040. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Warren County
1041. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Wilkes County
1042. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1
1043. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10
1044. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11
1045. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12
1046. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 13
1047. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2
1048. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3
1049. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4
1050. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5
1051. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6
1052. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7
1053. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8
1054. North Carolina 1823 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9
1055. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Beaufort County
1056. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Bertie County
1057. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Buncombe County
1058. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Burke County
1059. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Cabarrus County
1060. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Chatham County
1061. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Chowan County
1062. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Craven County
1063. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Davidson County
1064. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Duplin County
1065. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Gates County
1066. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Granville County
1067. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Greene County
1068. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Guilford County
1069. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Halifax County
1070. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Halifax Town
1071. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Haywood County
1072. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Hertford County
1073. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Iredell County
1074. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Johnston County
1075. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Lenoir County
1076. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Lincoln County
1077. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Martin County
1078. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Mecklenburg County
1079. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Montgomery County
1080. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Moore County
1081. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Nash County
1082. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, New Hanover County
1083. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Newbern Town
1084. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Northampton County
1085. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Orange County
1086. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Pasquotank County
1087. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Person County
1088. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Randolph County
1089. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Richmond County
1090. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Robeson County
1091. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Rowan County
1092. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Salisbury Borough
1093. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Stokes County
1094. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Surry County
1095. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wake County
1096. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Warren County
1097. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Washington County
1098. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wayne County
1099. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wilkes County
1100. North Carolina 1824 House of Commons, Wilmington Town
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School