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302. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Guilford County
303. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Hyde County
304. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Lincoln County
305. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Martin County
306. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
307. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Nash County
308. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Orange County
309. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Pitt County
310. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Randolph County
311. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Robeson County
312. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Rowan County
313. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Surry County
314. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Wake County
315. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Anson County
316. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Bertie County
317. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Buncombe County
318. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Cabarrus County
319. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Camden County
320. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Carteret County
321. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Caswell County
322. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Chowan County
323. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Craven County
324. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Gates County
325. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Granville County
326. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Hertford County
327. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Iredell County
328. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Lincoln County
329. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
330. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Pasquotank County
331. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Perquimans County
332. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Randolph County
333. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Richmond County
334. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Rutherford County
335. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Stokes County
336. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Wake County
337. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Warren County
338. North Carolina 1821 State Senate, Washington County
339. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Buncombe County
340. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Burke County
341. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Carteret County
342. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Caswell County
343. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Chatham County
344. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Craven County
345. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Granville County
346. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Guilford County
347. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Haywood County
348. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Lincoln County
349. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
350. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Rowan County
351. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Stokes County
352. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Stokes County
353. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Surry County
354. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Wake County
355. North Carolina 1822 State Senate, Wilkes County
356. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Bertie County
357. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Buncombe County
358. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Burke County
359. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cabarrus County
360. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Carteret County
361. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Caswell County
362. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Chatham County
363. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Craven County
364. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Cumberland County
365. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Currituck County
366. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Davidson County
367. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Franklin County
368. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Granville County
369. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Guilford County
370. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Halifax County
371. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Hertford County
372. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Iredell County
373. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lenoir County
374. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Lincoln County
375. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
376. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Northampton County
377. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Orange County
378. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Person County
379. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Randolph County
380. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rowan County
381. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Rutherford County
382. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Stokes County
383. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Surry County
384. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Warren County
385. North Carolina 1823 State Senate, Wilkes County
386. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Beaufort County
387. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Bertie County
388. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Buncombe County
389. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Burke County
390. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Cabarrus County
391. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Chatham County
392. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Chowan County
393. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Craven County
394. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Davidson County
395. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Duplin County
396. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Gates County
397. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Granville County
398. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Greene County
399. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Guilford County
400. North Carolina 1824 State Senate, Halifax County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School
State Senate
The upper house of the State Legislature. Until 1792, the upper house in Delaware was the Council. Until 1819, the upper house in Connecticut was the Council of Assistants. By 1825, all of the states had an upper house called the State Senate except New Jersey, whose upper house was the Legislative Council and Vermont, which had a unicameral legislature.
1787 - 1825: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
Office Scope: State
Role Scope: State (Connecticut) / County / District / City / Parish