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202. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Rowan County
203. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Surry County
204. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Warren County
205. North Carolina 1814 State Senate, Wilkes County
206. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Anson County
207. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Buncombe County
208. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Burke County
209. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Chatham County
210. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Cumberland County
211. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Granville County
212. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Iredell County
213. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Lincoln County
214. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
215. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, New Hanover County
216. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Orange County
217. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Person County
218. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Richmond County
219. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Robeson County
220. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Rowan County
221. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Rutherford County
222. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Sampson County
223. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Wake County
224. North Carolina 1815 State Senate, Wilkes County
225. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Buncombe County
226. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Chowan County
227. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Craven County
228. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Edgecombe County
229. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Granville County
230. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
231. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Nash County
232. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Perquimans County
233. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Person County
234. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Rowan County
235. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Rutherford County
236. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Wake County
237. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Warren County
238. North Carolina 1816 State Senate, Wayne County
239. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Caswell County
240. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Chowan County
241. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Granville County
242. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Guilford County
243. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Johnston County
244. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Lincoln County
245. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, New Hanover County
246. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Orange County
247. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Randolph County
248. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Wake County
249. North Carolina 1817 State Senate, Wilkes County
250. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Buncombe County
251. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Burke County
252. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Cabarrus County
253. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Chowan County
254. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Craven County
255. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Franklin County
256. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Granville County
257. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Guilford County
258. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Haywood County
259. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Hyde County
260. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Johnston County
261. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Lincoln County
262. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
263. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Orange County
264. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Pasquotank County
265. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Perquimans County
266. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Person County
267. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Pitt County
268. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Randolph County
269. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Robeson County
270. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Wake County
271. North Carolina 1818 State Senate, Warren County
272. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Beaufort County
273. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Cabarrus County
274. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Carteret County
275. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Chowan County
276. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Craven County
277. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Duplin County
278. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Edgecombe County
279. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Granville County
280. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Guilford County
281. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Hertford County
282. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Johnston County
283. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Martin County
284. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Mecklenburg County
285. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, New Hanover County
286. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Orange County
287. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Perquimans County
288. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Robeson County
289. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Rowan County
290. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Wake County
291. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Warren County
292. North Carolina 1819 State Senate, Wilkes County
293. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Beaufort County
294. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Brunswick County
295. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Buncombe County
296. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Cabarrus County
297. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Carteret County
298. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Caswell County
299. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Duplin County
300. North Carolina 1820 State Senate, Granville County
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Established in 1663, the proprietary colony of Carolina became the state of North Carolina during the American Revolution. In December of 1776, the North Carolina Provincial Congress ratified the state's first constitution, which established three branches of government: a bicameral General Assembly comprising a Senate and a House of Commons; a judiciary; and a weak executive. Representatives to the legislature were chosen by ballot annually, with each county electing one senator and two members to the House of Commons. Landholding, age, and residency restrictions limited the size of the electorate. The legislature appointed supreme court judges and annually elected the governor and representatives to the United States Congress.
Following the Revolution, Federalists and Anti-Federalists fought for control over the state government. This "critical period" laid the foundation for the clash over ratification of the United States Constitution. North Carolina's delegation to the 1787 Constitutional Convention favored strengthening the central government, but not at the expense of individual liberties or their state's sovereignty. Anti-Federalist representatives to the state's 1788 constitutional convention blocked ratification of the Constitution, but Federalists eventually forced the convening of a second convention. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists chipped away at Federalist dominance during the next decade and, by 1792, secured a majority in the legislature. The efforts of Federalists such as James Iredell and influential easterners allowed the party to continue to elect candidates to the United States Congress and the governorship, but by 1799, distrust of the central government and growing resentment over the Federalist Party's alliance with the state's eastern elite led to the party's demise.
Swept into power by their platform of state hegemony, strict constitutional construction, tax restraint, and the promotion of smallholder interests, Republicans controlled the state's political future. Republicans confronted a series of problems that included currency inflation, unstable banking, Amerindian resistance to western expansion, inadequate internal improvements, educational deficiencies, economic stagnation, and an undemocratic political system. Despite the progressive efforts of Orange County’s Senator Archibald Murphey, resistance from the state's conservatives and easterners derailed proposed reforms. Despite state Republican support for Jefferson's acquisition of Louisiana Territory and for "Mr. Madison's War," North Carolina increasingly found itself isolated from the rest of the nation, earning the moniker the "Rip Van Winkle State."
The 1820s proved to be a transformative period as divisions emerged within the Republican ranks and a wave of democratization swept the state in the wake of Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence. The Missouri Compromise further fractured the Republican Party, and the 1824 presidential election cemented the state's political realignment. Republican leaders nominated William H. Crawford, alienating many Republicans. That decision led to the formation of a splinter party whose "People's Ticket" nominated Jackson for president and John C. Calhoun for vice president. Jackson won the popular vote in North Carolina, but the state's electoral votes went to Crawford. The 1824 election loosened the political grip of the eastern elite, and the continued political democratization propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election.
Bibliography
- Broussard, James H.
"The North Carolina Federalists, 1800–1816." North Carolina Historical Review, 55 (1978): 18–41. - Butler, Lindley S. and Alan D. Watson, eds.
The North Carolina Experience: An Interpretive and Documentary History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984. - Cavanagh, John C.
Decision at Fayetteville: The North Carolina Ratification Convention and the General Assembly of 1789. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1989. - Gilpatrick, Delbert H.
Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816. New York: Octagon Books, 1967. - Jeffrey, Thomas E.
State Parties and National Politics: North Carolina, 1815–1861. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. - Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome.
North Carolina: A History of a Southern State, 3rd ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1973. - Powell, William S.
North Carolina: Through Four Centuries. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. - Risjord, Norman K.
Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. - Trenholme, Louise Irby.
The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932. - Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina: from 1584 to 1851, compiled from original records, official documents and traditional statements ; with biographical sketches of her distinguished statemen, jurists, lawyers, soldiers, divines, etc. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851. - North Carolina History Project
- 1776 North Carolina ConstitutionThe Avalon Project at Yale Law School
State Senate
The upper house of the State Legislature. Until 1792, the upper house in Delaware was the Council. Until 1819, the upper house in Connecticut was the Council of Assistants. By 1825, all of the states had an upper house called the State Senate except New Jersey, whose upper house was the Legislative Council and Vermont, which had a unicameral legislature.
1787 - 1825: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
Office Scope: State
Role Scope: State (Connecticut) / County / District / City / Parish