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602. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Clermont County
603. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Columbiana County
604. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Cuyahoga County
605. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Franklin County
606. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Geauga County
607. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Hamilton County
608. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Harrison County
609. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Highland County
610. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Huron County
611. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Medina County
612. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Montgomery County
613. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Muskingum County
614. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Richland County
615. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Ross County
616. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Sandusky County
617. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Shelby County
618. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Stark County
619. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Trumbull County
620. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Warren County
621. Ohio 1823 Commissioner, Washington County
622. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Adams County
623. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Butler County
624. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Columbiana County
625. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Cuyahoga County
626. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Franklin County
627. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Geauga County
628. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Harrison County
629. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Highland County
630. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Huron County
631. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Medina County
632. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Montgomery County
633. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Muskingum County
634. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Richland County
635. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Shelby County
636. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Stark County
637. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Trumbull County
638. Ohio 1823 Coroner, Warren County
639. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Adams County
640. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Butler County
641. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Clermont County
642. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Columbiana County
643. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Franklin County
644. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Harrison County
645. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Highland County
646. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Huron County
647. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Muskingum County
648. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Sandusky County
649. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Shelby County
650. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Trumbull County
651. Ohio 1823 Sheriff, Warren County
652. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Brown County
653. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Butler County
654. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Columbiana County
655. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Cuyahoga County
656. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Darke County
657. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Delaware County
658. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Franklin County
659. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Geauga County
660. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Hamilton County
661. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Harrison County
662. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Highland County
663. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Huron County
664. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Licking County
665. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Marion County
666. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Medina County
667. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Meigs County
668. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Montgomery County
669. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Morgan County
670. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Perry County
671. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Portage County
672. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Ross County
673. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Scioto County
674. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Shelby County
675. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Stark County
676. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Trumbull County
677. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Warren County
678. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Washington County
679. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Wayne County
680. Ohio 1824 Auditor, Williams County
681. Ohio 1824 Clerk of the Court, Marion County
682. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Brown County
683. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Butler County
684. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Champaign County
685. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Columbiana County
686. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Cuyahoga County
687. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Darke County
688. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Delaware County
689. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Franklin County
690. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Geauga County
691. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Hamilton County
692. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Harrison County
693. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Highland County
694. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Huron County
695. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Licking County
696. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Marion County
697. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Medina County
698. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Meigs County
699. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Montgomery County
700. Ohio 1824 Commissioner, Morgan County
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In these years, Ohio changed from a virtually unpeopled frontier area within the Northwest Territory to the fourth most powerful state in federal elections. Its first significant elections were for the lower house of the Territorial Assembly in December 1798. Suffrage was restricted to adult males who owned fifty acres freehold (the most limited franchise in the nation), although Governor Arthur St. Clair extended the vote to those who owned town lots of comparable value. Voting took place viva voce at the county seat, under the supervision of men appointed by the governor, who also determined apportionment and could veto legislation and prorogue (postpone) and dissolve the Assembly. The upper house, the Council, was appointed by the president from a list of names drawn up by the house; Congress appointed the governor on the president's nomination. This authoritarian system was overthrown when Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing the calling of a convention elected virtually on the basis of manhood suffrage.
Ohio became a state in March 1803, operating under the constitution drafted in November 1802. That instrument gave little power or patronage, and no veto, to the governor, who was elected biennially. The all-powerful General Assembly was divided into two chambers: The House was elected annually by county constituencies, and the Senate was elected biennially, half the members each year, in districts made up of one or more counties. There were no property qualifications for membership in the Assembly. Every four years the state took a census of adult males and redistributed legislative seats, and congressional districts were reapportioned each decade immediately after Congress had reapportioned the federal House and electoral college. Beginning with the first presidential election in 1804, the electors were chosen by statewide popular vote. The right to vote was limited to white adult males who had been resident for one year and had paid a tax. However, because the state constitution defined compulsory work on the roads as a tax and all adult males between the ages of 18 and 55 were obliged to work on the roads (or buy a substitute), this amounted to a nearly all-inclusive franchise for white males. From the start, voting was by secret ballot, with ballots deposited in special locked boxes, and whereas under the territory, voters had had to travel to the few county seats to vote, people now voted at a central place in each of the rapidly multiplying townships.
This democratic electoral system produced elections that saw a surprising degree of partisan action and comparatively high—but fluctuating—voter involvement, especially after 1807 when the key elections began to coincide in even years. The Federalist predominance of the territorial period was overthrown in 1802—1803, and the then overwhelmingly dominant Democratic-Republican party soon divided along factional lines, notably over the role of the judiciary. In some parts of the state, the Federalist Party revived after 1807 but suffered a severe decline after 1816. As a consequence, nonpartisan elections became even more common, although old-party considerations operated in some local elections into the 1820s. In 1824 Ohio's first competitive election for the presidency saw turnout surge as voters began giving their allegiance to entirely new political formations.
Bibliography
Annual Report of the Secretary of the State to the Governor of the State of Ohio: including the statistical report to the general assembly for the year 1875. Colombus, OH: Nevins & Myers, State Printers, 1876. (Lists members of the General Assembly and their districts from the formation of the state)- Brown, Jeffrey P. and Andrew R. L. Cayton, eds.
The Pursuit of Public Power: Political Culture in Ohio, 1787–1861. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1994. - Cayton, Andrew R. L.
The Frontier State: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1986. - Ohio Historical Society, Ohio Fundamental Documents Searchable Database,
http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/database/funddocs.html - Ratcliffe, Donald J.
"Voter Turnout in Early Ohio," Journal of the Early Republic, 7 (1987): 223–251. Reprinted in New Perspectives on the Early Republic, ed. Ralph D. Gray and Michael A. Morrison. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994, pp. 269–297. - ________.
"The Mystery of Ohio's Missing Presidential Election Returns, 1804–1848," Archival Issues: The Journal of the Midwest Archives Conference, 17(2)(1992): 137–144. - ________.
Party Spirit in a Frontier Republic: Democratic Politics in Ohio, 1793–1821. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1998. - ________.
The Politics of Long Division: The Birth of the Second Party System in Ohio, 1818–1828. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. - ________.
"The Changing Political World of Thomas Worthington." inThe Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early Republic , ed. Andrew R. L. Cayton and Stuart D. Hobbs. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005, pp. 36–61. - Utter, William T.
The Frontier State, 1803–1825 , 1943 reprint ed. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1968), Vol. 2 of Carl Wittke, ed., A History of the State of Ohio, 6 vols. Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1941–1944.